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Tinting and Toning Motion Picture Film
IN THE production of motion pictures it is often desirable to vary the color of the film either by tinting or toning or by a combination of the two processes.
Tinting, as usually understood, consists in immersing the film in a solution of dye which colors the gelatin, causing the whole picture to have a uniform veil of color on the screen. In commercial production this effect is most frequently secured by the use of positive film coated upon a base of colored celluloid. A great variety of tints are commercially available in both nitrate and acetate stocks, in all widths from 16mm. to 70mm.
Toning consists in either wholly or partially replacing the silver image of the positive film by some colored compound, so that the clear portions or highlights of the image, which consist of plain gelatin, remain unaffected and colorless, but the remainder of the image is colored.
Combinations of tones and tints are possible, and produce many beautiful effects.
Tinting
When tinting with dye solutions, the dye colors the gelatine layer, whereas in the case of tinted base film, the film base itself is colored.
Success in tinting depends on the correct choice of dyes and the correct methods of their application.
Dyes are of two kinds, acid and basic, depending upon their chemical composition, acid dyes being alkali salts of organic acids, while basic dyes are the chlorides, sulphates, etc., of organic bases.
In view of the opposite nature of acid and basic dyes, it is obvious that, if several dyes are to be mixed one with another to produce intermediate tints, they must all be of the same class. Since the number of acid dyes are usually more stable to light, they are the most suitable for tinting.
The equipment necessary for systematic tinting or toning is essentially the same as that required for development, consisting of the usual tanks and racks, or small drums, or the usual processing machines. The drum system is not to be recommended for large-scale operations, though for individual use it is most efficient and economical. In any case it is advisable that the equipment used for this purpose be used for it exclusively, and, if possible, occupy a separate room to exclude any chance of dye particles settling on wet film or dropping in the developing, fixing, or rinsing tanks. Similarly it is important never to sift nor allow the dyes to be blown into the air when weighing them out, and the mixing rooms should hence be located as far as possible from those in which wet film is handled.
Racks and tanks used with each solution should be kept separate to prevent their contaminating the baths of other solutions.
Waterproofing of wooden racks can be accomplished either by impregnating the wood with paraffin wax or by treating with a nitrocellulose lacquer. Painting, varnishing, or treatment with wax solutions is ineffective.
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