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578 »'iNKMATOGRAPHIC ANNUAL
Dissolve the solid dyes in as small a volume of hot water as is possible, and filter through fine muslin. Pour hot water over any residue remaining, so that all the dye will be dissolved, and dilute the solution in the tank to the required volume at 65°F (18°C.)
The depth of the tint depends on the following factors:
1. The Nature and Strength of the Dye Bath.
2. The Temperature of the Dye Bath.
Although temperature has little effect on the rate of dying with the dyes recommended, when used without the addition of acid it is always advisable to work between 65° to 70°F. (18° to 21 °C.) for uniform results.
3. The Time of Dyeing.
This is an important factor. The time of dyeing depends somewhat on the previous handlings of the film, as film fixed in a bath containing potassium or chrome alum dyes more quickly than film fixed in plain hypo and hardened with formalin. Should the film for any reason be over-dyed, some of the dye may be removed by immediately washing for 10 to 15 minutes.
About 20,000 feet of film per 50 gallons of dye bath may be dyed. As the rate of dyeing slows down, the bath should be revived by adding a concentrated solution of the dye, and not by adding acid. When the bath becomes muddy, especially in warm weather, it should be renewed.
If uniform results are to be had, the film should never be passed through the projector before tinting or toning.
Toning
As distinct from tinting, a toned image consists of a colored image embedded in a layer of colorless gelatin, so that while the highlights are clear, the shadows are colored.
The coloring matter may consist of an inorganic colored compound (metallic salts) or a dye, or a mixture of both. The toned image is produced by wholly or partially replacing the silver image with one or more of these substances. The colors used in toning are necessarily very transparent, and therefore tones can only be judged by screen projection.
Of the various metal salts, uranium ferrocyanide (brown) , iron ferrocynaide (blue) , and silver sulphide are the most suitable.
Silver sulphide gives a blue-black tone when applied to a print of normal density, but when applied to a thin or medium print it gives a brown tone. It is commonly known as a sepia tone. It is applied by first bleaching in the following solution:
(AVOIRDUPOIS) (METRIC)
A. Potassium Ferricyanide 8^4 lbs. 4000 grams
Potassium Bromide _ 2 lbs. 1 cz. 1000 grams
Water to 5 0 gallons 200 liters
Bleach thoroughly in this until the image appears uniformly yellow on looking at the back of the film. Then wash for 5 minutes, and tone in: