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pany ; the latter is also subject to Shochiku’s yoke and it is producing principally cheap secondrate pictures (how inferior in quality of its production may be imagined from the fact that it is still keeping itself silent at present) suitable for rural districts.
There is a rival company of capitalization system standing opposed to monopolis¬ tic tendency of Shochiku Trust, which has its basis upon the Four-company Combine aforementioned and this is the Toho Film Distributing Co., Ltd. In reality, this is not a sole company, it is a combine consisting of two motion picture producing compa¬ nies — P.C.L. and J.O. and the Toh6 Film Distributing Co., Ltd., which distributes the productions of the two former companies and it has Mr. Ichizo Kobayashi, a business man, as its leader. This combine was established in 1936 with an investment of indus¬ trial capitalists outside of those of the motion picture. As it has a close connection with plutocrats in this way, it is blessed with an abundant supply of funds and the business of the Combine is managed by the most rationalized system, so it has develo¬ ped rapidly and grown into immense proportion up to the present time.
The opposition and the contest for supremacy between these two large Trusts — Shochiku Co. and the Toho Film Distributing Co., Ltd. — are the most characteristic phenomena of the motion picture industrial world of today and they are important factors to decide the movement of the motion picture world in future.
2. Investment in motion picture enterprise is 420,000,000 yen.
Total amount of fixed capital invested in motion picture and theatrical business is estimated at 500,000,000 yen at present and it can be safely said that eighty-five per cent of this amount, i. e. 420,000,000 yen is invested in motion picture business. Of the 420,000,000 yen, only about 15,000,000 yen are invested in the production of motion pictures and for exact figures, the reader is referred to the condition of fund of the motion picture companies, the number of studios and other investigations dealt with in Clause 6. According to the investigations made by the Department of Com¬ merce and Industry at the close of the 10th year of Showa (1935), the number of mo¬ tion picture and theatrical companies reached 774 and the total amount of investments is 121,430,152 yen; reserved fund, 4,169,524 yen; profit, 2,562,341 yen; dividend, 1,296,416 yen; net loss, 2,005,478 yen. Now, assume that eighty-five per cent of the total amount of the above to be the capital invested in motion picture business and add to it the investments of private organizations, which is approximately three times the amount invested in motion picture companies and the amount thus obtained would nearly correspond to the amount invested in motion picture business as noted above.
3. Amount invested in the cost of production of pictures
and the number of pictures made in 1936.
47