Close Up (Jul-Dec 1928)

Page scan 000374 from Close Up

Record Details:

Title:
Close Up
Date:
Jul-Dec 1928
Publisher:
[London, etc., Pool]
Volume:
Close up ... devoted to the art of films
Leaf #:
000374
Language:
English
Subjects:
motion pictures, Motion pictures -- Periodicals
Collection:
Switzerland, Early Cinema, and Global Cinema
Format:
Periodicals
Contributor:
Library of Congress, MBRS, Moving Image Section
Sponsor:
Library of Congress, Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division
Coordinator:
Media History Digital Library
Description:
As an active film magazine, CLOSE UP lasted only a short time, from 1927 to 1933. Yet the legacy of this English-language periodical, which was published in Switzerland, continues to matter. Edited by Bryher and her husband Kenneth Macpherson, CLOSE UP became THE magazine for energetic debates about the nature of cinema and manifestos imagining new forms of filmmaking and spectatorship. The magazine published articles by filmmakers, such as Sergei Eisenstein, and female literary modernists, such as H.D. and Gertrude Stein. As film scholar Anne Friedberg explains in the anthology CLOSE-UP, 1927-1933: CINEMA & MODERNISM, 'CLOSE UP became the model for a certain type of writing about film -- writing that was theoretically astute, politically incisive, critical of films that were simply 'entertainment.' For six and a half years, CLOSE UP maintained a forum for a broad variety of ideas about the cinema; it never advocated a single direction of development, but rather posed alternatives to existing modes of production, consumption, and film style.' Like Friedberg's own writing, CLOSE UP continues to be essential reading for anyone interested in the history of film and media theory. -- Eric Hoyt, 2014
Date Added:
July 25, 2024
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CLOSE UP The next reel shows the well-known experiments upon dogs. Food in a dog's mouth is naturally productive of saliva ; an unconditioned reflex. But from long continued association, the mere sight of the food will produce of itself saliva and therefore a conditioned reflex. It is easy to watch this in the film. An artificial opening is made " in the salivary duct from the paratid gland and a glass balloon is fixed to the opening connected by tubes with a recording instrument in another room. The dog is shown eating and the glass balloon fills with saliva. Further shots show it filling when the dog is merely shown food and before it reaches the mouth. Then another experiment was presented in which a metronome was started at a hundred beats and just after the hundred the dog was fed. After this had been repeated a number of limes the dog began to secrete saliva at the start of the metronome. But if a metronome of fifty beats a minute is started and no food is given and this is repeated a number of times, the dog produces less and less saliva at each repetition and a negative conditioned stimulus has arisen. Further experiments were shown with monkeys. A bell rings or at a certain metronome beat a blue plate is pushed within the monkey's reach with food. As soon as the monkey hears the accustomed sound, its ears prick and it climbs hurriedly down towards the expected morsel. But if another sequence of beats be used or a red plate the monkey remains on his perch, totally uninterested. Pavlov claims that these experiments are doing much to discover the nature of sleep, and even of neurasthenia, and that he is able to produce both in his dogs by giving them too 28