16mm film combined catalog (1972)

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80 UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES RADIATION AND MATTER (1962). 44 minutes, black and white. Produced by the former New York University Television Center under the direction of the USAEC's Division of Isotopes Devel- opment. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $45.95 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail- able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field li- braries. Cleared for television. The film, which considers the interaction of radiation with matter, develops the various processes by which alpha, beta, and gamma radiation give up energy to their surroundings. The similarities and differences of alpha and beta particles are considered, with emphasis on the methods by which ionization occurs. It is pointed out that, since the interaction of radiations in the absorption process takes place essentially only with orbital electrons of the atoms, the density of electrons in matter is the determining factor. The relation between energy of a particle and the number of ion pairs formed is also ex- plained. The lecturer follows with a discussion of gamma, or elec- tromagnetic radiation, which is described as a nonionizing event in terms of the initial interaction between photons and atoms. Four possibilities of gamma-ray absorption (excitation, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, and pair production) are discussed. The viewer, how- ever, is alerted to the fact that there is only a certain probability that one particular process may take place rather than another, depending upon the energy of the gamma ray. This probability, expressed as absorption coefficient, is then related to each of the four absorption processes. RADIATION DETECTION BY IONIZATIQN (1962). 30 minutes, black and white. Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New York City, under the direction of the USAEC's Division of Isotopes Development. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $32.53 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television. The basic principles of ionization detectors are described, particularly in relation to the pulse height as a function of voltage curves. Brief descriptions of ionization chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger counters are included, and examples of instruments operating in these regions are shown. Special consideration is given to Geiger counters, including the mechanism of gas quenching and the determination of a counting-rate plateau. The resolving time of a counter is discussed, as well as various components of a practical instrument, including amplifiers and sealers. RADIATION DETECTION BY SCINTILLATION (1962). 30 minutes, black and white.