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COMMUNISM IN MOTION-PICTURE INDUSTRY 371 meeting for the preservation of America and Russia's alliance. This is what I do remember about John Howard Lawson. Mr. Tavenner. Who usually acted as chairman of this group or cell? Mr. Lawrence. The comrade chairmen. There were rotating chair- men. There were different chairmen every week. They were chosen by the people there. Mr. Tavenner. Can you recall any of those who acted as chairmen while you were present ? Mr. Lawrence. I was chairman once. Mr. Tavenner. On one occasion you were a chairman ? Mr. Lawrence. Yes; I was. Mr. Tavenner. Can you recall others who served as chairmen ? Mr. Lawrence. Most of the people served as chairmen. Most of the people there. This wasn't assigned to any one person. Mr. Tavenner. You spoke of this group having met at the home of Morris Carnovsky and that it also met at the Actor's Lab. Did it meet at the home of any of the other members ? Mr. Lawrence. At Joe Bromberg's house. Mr. Tavenner. How frequently did it meet there ? Mr. Lawrence. I wouldn't recall. I attended maybe one or two. Mr. Tavenner. Was there a secretary of this group, a person who served as secretary ? Mr. Lawrence. There must have been a secretary, because that was financial business. They came in and they asked you to contribute money. So there must have been a secretary there. Mr. Tavenner. Did you pay dues ? Mr. Lawrence. I paid a very small amount, sir. I am sorry I paid them a penny. Mr. Wood. I didn't get that. Mr. Lawrence. I am sorry I ever paid them a penny. Mr. Tavenner. "What were the amounts of dues that you paid? Mr. Lawrence. I paid a very nominal amount, maybe $1 or $2 a month. Something like that. Mr. Tavenner. Do you recall to whom you paid the money ? Mr. Lawrence. It was a girl who came up and called you into private session, and she said, "How much money do you want to give? How much money can you give?" And I didn't like to give any. I didn't give too much. Mr. Tavenner. Do you recall her name ? Mr. Lawrence. No, sir. Mr. Tavenner. Was she a member of this particular cell ? Mr. Lawrence. She must have been, or an outsider that came in. She must have been. Mr. Tavenner. But you do not recall her name ? Mr. Lawrence. No, sir. Mr. Tavenner. Let us go back for a moment to this first group in 1938. Mr. Lawrence. Yes, sir. Mr. Tavenner. Who acted as chairman of that particular group ? Mr. Lawrence. Well, there were different people, like Lester Cole and Gordon Kahn, and the other guys that gave the speeches. Mr. Tavenner. Did you pay dues at that time ? Mr. Lawrence. Yes; I did. Mr. Tavenner. Do you recall to whom you paid them ?