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464 COMMUNISM IN MOTION-PICTURE INDUSTRY Mr. Tavenner. What address? Mr. Gough. 2723 Laurel Canyon. Mr. Tavenner. Will you state for the committee briefly your educational background, please, sir? Mr. Gough. Well, my formal schooling was in the public and paro- chial schools in New York and Brooklyn, which I attended until I was 12 years old. That is the end of my formal schooling. Mr. Tavenner. What has been the nature of your employment in your professional capacity? Mr. Gough. Well, I went to work at the age of 12 in Wall Street for $8 a week, and did a variety of other things until 1930, at which time I went into the theater. I have worked in summer stock and Broadway plays, road companies, et cetera. In 1910 I went to Cali- fornia, and in 1947 I began working in motion pictures. Mr. Tavenner. Where were you employed in the motion picture industry ? That is, by whom were you employed? Mr. Gough. Well, I have worked for several of the major studios and several of the so-called independent studios. Mr. Tavenner. Which were the studios for which you worked? Mr. Gough. MGM, Twentieth Century-Fox, Universal; there seem to be some more in there, but I don't quite remember. Those were the major studios. Mr. Tavenner. What were some of the major pictures in which you took part ? Mr. Gough. Well; I just finished a picture called Chuck-a-hick. Prior to that I wa's in Valentino; before that in The Scarf; and a variety of others which I don't recall too clearly. I can remember Body and Soul; That Wonderful Urge; and Rivoli. I am sorry to be so slow. There are so many of them. Mr. Tavenner. Who was the producer of Body and Soul ? Mr. Gough. The producer was, I believe the name was Enterprise Film Productions, or some such thing. Mr. Tavenner. Who composed the organization that you referred to? Mr. Gough. You mean the officers of the corporation ? Mr. Tavenner. Yes, the owners. Mr. Gough. Well, it is hard for me to say. I am an actor. We don't have much contact with the actual producers. There was—let's see. This is 0 years ago—5 years ago, I am sorry. I am sorry, I really can't tell offhand just who were the officials of the corporation, or the producers of the picture. Mr. Tavenner. Who was the director ? Mr. Gough. It is a matter of public record who directed any pic- ture I was in. Mr. Tavenner. Well, have you any objection to telling who the director was of the picture you were in? Mr. Gough (after conferring with his counsel). This question puts me in the position of testifying against myself. Consequently, I would like your permission to invoke the privileges granted me under the fifth and first amendments. My answer to the question may tend to incriminate me. Mr. Wood. The committee cannot give you permission; you have the right to invoke the privilege, but you do not have the permission of the committee to do so. The committee wants the truth. If you