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1542 COMMUNISM IN MOTION-PICTURE INDUSTRY pleased that your studio lias seen fit to aid you in your future career, and I hope that your career will be long and successful. Mr. Townsend. Thank you, sir. (Representative Donald L. Jackson left the hearing room.) Mr. Wood. It has been said that to make a mistake and to make an effort to rectify it requires the highest degree of moral courage. I am inclined to subscribe to that doctrine. I don't think any loyal Amer- ican citizen can gainsay the fact that today communism, as it is seen in those countries that are practicing it today, is a deadly menace. The American Government and way of life that we people in America have known, we have but to realize that we are today engaged in a deadly struggle with that ideology. It has already taken the lives of approximately 90,000 of the flower of American manhood. Daily your boys and mine are being subjected to the loss of their lives and limbs and the shedding of their blood for the sole and exclusive pur- pose of seeking to halt the inroads and aggression of this powerful influence that is abroad in this land of ours. A person that has set his first steps on the pathway that leads in the wrong direction and finds he has made a mistake and turns back and rectifies it has all that honesty can do to make amends; I feel that he is entitled to commendation of all liberty-loving American people. I commend you for your stand in coming before this com- mittee and giving us the benefit of your experience and your knowledge concerning this. Are there any further questions? Mr. Tavenner. No, sir, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Wood. Is there any reason why the witness should not be excused ? Mr. Tavenner. No, sir. Mr. Wood. It is so ordered. Mr. Tavenner. Dr. Leo Bigelman. Mr. Wood. Doctor, would you hold up your right hand and be sworn? Do you solemnly swear that the evidence you are about to give this subcommittee shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God ? Dr. Bigelman. I do. Mr. Wood. I am going to ask the photographers to refrain from taking pictures during the time the oath is being administered. TESTIMONY OP DR. LEO BIGELMAN, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS COUNSEL, ROBERT W. KENNY AND BEN MARGOLIS Mr. Tavenner. What is your name, please? Dr. Bigelman. Leo Bigelman, M. D. Mr. Wood. Dr. Bigelman, are you represented by counsel? Dr. Bigelman. I am. Mr. Wood. Will counsel please identify themselves for the record? Mr. Kenny. Robert Kenny and Ben Margolis. Mr. Wood. Of the Los Angeles bar? Mr. Kenny. Correct. Mr. Tavenner. Dr. Bigelman, when and where were you born? Dr. Bigelman. I was born in Poland, 1896, came to this country in 1904 and have derivative citizenship and am an enlisted veteran of the First World War.