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Chapter XIV INTERIOR LIGHTING
TWELVE years ago there were probably only five studios for the production of films where there are now more than one hundred. The large amount of money which has been made in this industry and the possibilities of future profits have drawn capital for the formation of new enterprises from various sources, and with the creation of so many new companies, competition has become keen, and the cost of producing films has become an important factor.
In the making of a picture the costs may roughly be divided into: cost of raw film; interest and depreciation charges on buildings and equipment; salaries of directors, actors and mechanics ; cost of developing and printing, and the cost of lighting.
Just what relation these various costs bear to one another is doubtful, but it has been stated that completed films cost to make anywhere from 50c. to $5.00 a foot, the average being approximately $2.00 per foot.
The raw film itself costs about 33/2 cents per foot for the negative and 3 cents per foot for the positive. Naturally the highest cost is for labor, and in this respect the moving picture industry does not differ materially from many other manufacturing processes. Any manner in which labor costs can be kept down and labor utilized to its fullest capacity, is bound to decrease the cost of the film and increase the profits of the manufacturer.
One item which tends to help utilize labor to its fullest extent is proper light. The first maxim in the studio is that "no picture can be made without proper light and plenty of it." Sufficient light has to be provided, whether it be daylight or artificial light, to take clear pictures in approximately 1/50 of a second. They must be taken with detail, as they are projected to a magnification of about 150 diameters on the screen, and the public is becoming more and more critical regarding proper definition of the subject projected.
The stop used is generally about f 4.5 with a 2-inch lens, and
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