Copyright term, film labeling, and film preservation legislation : hearings before the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on H.R. 989, H.R. 1248, and H.R. 1734 ... June 1 and July 13, 1995 (1996)

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363 finalized in 1994.* This Agreement required all nembers of the World Trade Organization (WTO)'" to comply with the minimum terms of protection set out in the Berne Convention, as revised in 1971, whether or not these countries formally adhere to that Convention." The Berne Convention establishes a basic term of life plus fifty years. "^ In addition, article 12 of the TRIPS Agreement imposed a minimum term of fifty years for copyrightable works treated as corporate creations in the domestic laws of member states."' The TRIPS Agreement further required WTO member states to protect computer programs and qualifying compilations for at least fifty years from publication;" to protect the reproduction rights of sound recording producers for at least ' See TRIPS Agreement, supra note 5, arts. 9-14 '" See WTO Agreement, supra note 5. " See TRIPS Agreement, supra note 5, art. 9(1) (not applicable to moral rights under Berne Convention, supra note 3, art. 6 bis); Universal Minimum Standards, supra note 2, at 36667. "^ See Berne Convention, supra note 3, art. 7(1). "' See TRIPS Agreement, supra note 5, art. 12 (mandating minimum fifty year term whenever duration "is calculated on a basis other than the life of a natural person," but exempting photographs and works of applied art. " See TRIPS Agreement, supra note 5, arts. 10(1), (2), 12 (applying life plus fifty term when the author is deemed to be a natural person and fifty year term from publication in all other cases, except that a fifty year term from creation applies if no publication occurs) . However, compilations not rising to the level of "intellectual creations" are exempted. See id. eurt. 10(2); sfj. 17 U.S.C. SS 102(a), 103 (1988); Feist Publications. Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co.. Ill S. Ct. 1282 (1995).