Copyright term, film labeling, and film preservation legislation : hearings before the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on H.R. 989, H.R. 1248, and H.R. 1734 ... June 1 and July 13, 1995 (1996)

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370 whole, other Berne Union countries tend to relegate the creations of corporate entities to neighboring rights laws covered by the Rome Convention,'^ to which the United States does not adhere. With some exceptions, they also confer the full life plus fifty term on creations by identifiable employee authors.^ However, these tensions with U.S. law were not considered a major irritant even in the 1980s, and recent tendencies in the evolution of the European Union's intellectual property law have greatly reduced them. For example, the E.C. Directive on computer progreuns, though purporting to treat eligible progreuns as copyrightable literary works, expressly recognized the principle of corporate creations and provided a term of fifty years for this purpose.'' The domestic copyright systems vary with respect to the recpjirement of 'authorship,' to the treatment of employee-authors in general, and to the extent they attribute authorship in certain classes of works to persons other than the actual intellectual creators." J.H. Reichman, Overlapping Proprietary Rights in UniversityGenerated Research Products; The Case of Computer Procnrams, 17 CoLDKBiA-VLA J. Law t Arts 51, 54-60 (1992) (citing authorities) [hereinafter Overlapping Proorietarv Rights!. " See supra note 16. " See, e.g.. Final Report, supra note 33, at 614-20 (noting that Netherlands copyright law applies the work made for hire principle) . See generally S. Ricketson, supra note 25, at 158-59, 346-49; AlAIH STROWEL, DROIT D'AOTBOR IT COPYRIGHT Divergences bt Convergences 323-389 (1993) [hereinafter A. Strowel] ; Ghislain Roussel, The Copyright of Salaried and Employed Authors — A Comparative Study of National Laws. 26 Copyright (W.I. P.O.) 221 (1990) . * See Covincil Directive 91/250 on the legal protection of computer programs, [1991] O.J.L. 122/42, art. 2(3), reprinted in Sweet t Maxwells 's E.C. Intellectual Property Materials, supra note 6, at 2 [hereinafter E.C. Directive on Computer ProgreuDS] . For