Copyright term, film labeling, and film preservation legislation : hearings before the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on H.R. 989, H.R. 1248, and H.R. 1734 ... June 1 and July 13, 1995 (1996)

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610 and information-related industries account for more than 5 percent of the gross national product and return a trade surplus of more than $1 billion." BNA Int^l Trade Reporter . February 28, 1988. More recent estimates reveal that more than 5.5 million Americans work in all copyright industries, accounting for over 5 percent of United States employment, and that our nation's film industry alone contributed more than $4 billion to the nation's balance of trade. Gephardt Bill Targets GATT. The Hollywood Reporter, May 5, 1993. It is therefore not an exaggeration to say that adequate international protection of United States copyrights is a matter of the highest importance to our national economic security. In light of the EU action, copyright term extension in the United States has now become an essential element in safeguarding that economic security. To understand why requires an explanation of some basic principles of international copyright. 1 The Principle of National Treatment The basic principle of international copyright relations under the Berne Convention is the principle of national treatment. Berne Convention Art. 5(1). Each Berne member state is required to protect foreign nationals within its borders under its own substantive copyright law -8