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of Science ^
not having American-manufactured goods, to have their program compare favorably with the trust. It was then that he succeeded in getting men to start manufacturing American product. Messrs. Baumann and Kessel, the first independent producers, started the Bison, Mr. Carl Laemmle started the Imp Manufacturing Company; Messrs. Thanhouser, P. A. Powers, and about ten or twelve others immediately set to work to manufacture American films, under the direction of Murdock, as he had agreed to protect them against the trust claim of infringements. He organized a strong force of lawyers in New York and Chicago to protect all these people. Working night and day, he broke down in health, and had to take a trip to Europe. When it was announced that he was going to leave, it was joyous news to the trust, and the Independents felt for the moment like a ship without a captain; but they soon found there was still the strong law force to protect them during his absence. Murdock remained in Europe a short time, and, after returning, made smooth sailing for the Independents, so they could supply a bill combining European and American manufactured goods equal to the Patents company output.
This completed, Murdock then retired to take a rest and regain his health, later returning to the vaudeville field, and allied himself with the United Booking Offices, where he is still active. However, even after retiring from the film interests, he was the advisor, and all the American manufacturers sought his advice. The Independents continued to succeed and build up, although handicapped and harassed by the opposition. The only great drawback they seemed to have was securing the raw material for the productions. The Pat