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CHAPTER VII THE MOVING PICTURE CAMERA, ITS CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION Although it was as far back as 1894 that the first commercial moving picture camera appeared in Great Britain, the years have not produced many marked departures from the design as elaborated by Paul. Time has proved his plan to be the most reliable and efficient. But as the art has developed and many minds have been concentrated upon the apparatus, it has undergone modi- fication and improvement in minor details, all tending towards greater excellence in the ultimate results. Paul's camera was a small wooden cabinet, measuring only about six inches each way. It contained merely the requisite intermittent mechanism to bring successive depths of the film before the lens, and the tube to enable focussing to be carried out easily from the back, and in such a way that it was impossible for the film to become fogged when the tube was left open inadvertently. This instrument was a model of simplicity, compact- ness, portability and convenience. The film was carried in separate dark boxes of a size to hold 160, 350, or 700 feet, according to requirements. These were detached from the camera itself, the box of unexposed film slipping into a device on top of the camera in such a way as to ensure a light-tight joint, and locked into position to prevent accidental detachment. From this box the film was led through the camera mechanism, past the lens and into a second box, similarly detachable. The apparatus there- fore was resolved into three main parts—the camera, and the unexposed and exposed film boxes. 65 P