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XXVII MOVING PICTURES IN THE HOME 307 this catch closes to grip, under the tension of a spring, the spindle of the sprocket drum. A loop is now formed in the film, as shown in the illus- tration (depicting the mechanism closed), and the film is then led through the gate H, which is hinged to permit it to be opened so as to bring the film into position. The aperture in the gate H may be adjusted within certain limits by the screw /. Emerging from the exposure gate, the film passes through a second gate, wherein is the propelling mechanism, by means of which the film is jerked forward with an intermittent motion to bring succes- sive areas of film before the lens while the light is eclipsed by the shutter. In the back plate supporting the mech- anism are two toothed wheels D, which engage with the perforations on either side of the film. The gate itself, G, is fitted with two rollers, at the top and bottom, which ensure the film being kept in position to mesh with the teeth when the gate is closed. Passing through this second gate, another loop is formed in the film, and then the latter enters the bottom plate F, which is fitted with rollers, which ensure the film meshing with the toothed sprocket wheels E. From this gate the film passes through a velvet- protected slot into the film-box to be wound upon the lower spindle. The driving mechanism is very simple, and employs the three-slotted Maltese cross, the properties of which Paul was the first to discover, as related on page 94. The smooth-running characteristics of this mechanism are dis- played afresh in the Tak-kos-Kope camera. When the film is threaded through the mechanism, and the gates are closed, it presents the appearance shown in the illustration, where the upper and lower loops are plainly discernible. The whole is then slipped into the camera case and pushed home, as in the illustration, which shows the coils of un- exposed and exposed film. The film-box is closed by means of a detachable panel, held in position by a spring, and when the camera is shut, two other flat springs pressing against this box serve to hold it rigid. The three gates X 2