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ANIMATED LANTEBN PIOTUEES. 103 revolving at a high rate of speed, and so appearing as a partially opaque screen only, are all examples of the em- ployment of the principle of persistence of vision. The Kinetescope of Friese Greene, which Edison's machine, subsequently introduced and far better known, resembled at any rate in principle, contained the germ which led to animated lantern pictures. A long film of celluloid coated with a sensitive material was passed through a special form of camera, stopping several times a second, while a shutter uncapped the lens, and registered an exposure upon it. In this way upon development a long negative was obtained consisting entirely of a string of pictures one after the other all taken from the same standpoint, but each differing from its neighbours, when the subject was a moving one, by having the moving object in a slightly different position. From such a negative it was a comparatively easy matter to make a positive transparency, and this when illuminated from behind, and lOoked at through a similar arrangement to that used for taking the negative, is the Kinetescope in outline. The eye blends the individual pictures seen one after another into one continuous view, in which the moving objects actually appear to move, and the fidelity with which every motion is registered is very surprising. For lantern work it became necessary to run the film in the same way through a lantern, stopping it rapidly, and when so stopping uncovering the lens so that one picture after another might faU upon the screen. It must be borne in mind that in the lantern the images are enlarged up enormously; aU the defects are magnified in the same way, and the defects become very much greater than when the film is simply to be seen as a transparency. This wiU be realised better when we mention that for convenience in the photographic and other operations, each individual picture on the film is not usually much larger than one and a half square inches. Space prevents us from describing at any length the many instruments in the market for showing animated pictures upon the screen, known as the Biograph, the Kinemato- graph. etc., etc. They are all alike in principle. A long band of film is passed between the lens and