The photoplay; a psychological study (1916)

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DEVELOPMENT OF MOVING PICTURES had to be extremely short in order to give distract pictures. The slightest lengthening would make the movement of the film itself visible and produce a blurring effect. This time was sufficient for the seeing of the picture; it could not be sufficient for the greatly enlarged view on the wall. Too little light passed through to give a distinct im- age. -Hence it became essential to trans- form the continujous movement of the film into an intermittent one. The strip of film must be drawn before the lens by jerking movements so that the real motion of the strip would occur in the periods in which the shutter was closed, while it was at rest for the fraction of time in which the light of the- projection apparatus passed through. Both Lumiere and Paul overcame this diffi- culty and secured an intermittent pushing for- ward of the pictures for three-quarters of an inch, that is for the length of the single pho- tograph. In the spring of 1895 Paul's the- atrograph or animatograph was completed, and in the following year he began his engage- ment at the Alhambra Theater, where the nov- elty was planned as a vaudeville show for a few days but stayed for many a year, 17