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58 THE MOTION PICTURE In reloading the film holder in which the hub is not removable, the camera man must have a film winder, winding the film out of the holder, then changing the new roll of film from the tin box to the film holder, and then the exposed film from the winder to the tin box. Exposed and Unexposed Films. Safeguards are necessary to avoid the accidental exposure of the same film twice in the camera, either from the mistake of putting an exposed film holder back in the camera or from the mistake of reloading an exposed film from its tin box back into the film holder and thence to the camera. In short, there should be some signal to indicate that the roll of film has been exposed, similar to the turning of the dark slide of a plate- holder. The outside end of an unexposed roll should have its corners clipped to facilitate threading through the camera when loading- The inner end should be left square. A roll with the outer end square, therefore, is an exposed roll. When the film holder is loaded, the leading end of the film is threaded through the slot of the holder, and projects to be pulled out and threaded up in the camera. When the roll is exposed, it is wound up completely into the take-up holder, so that the end of the film does not extend from the exposed holder. In a camera having holders with removable spindles or hubs, the exposed roll of film will have a hub in its center upon which the film is tightly wound. The unexposed film will have the hub in the tin box, perhaps, but the film will not be tight upon it. In a camera without removable spindles, a roll of film which has been removed by the camera man in reloading, probably will have a different size of center hole from the roll received from the factory film storage room. Tin boxes containing unexposed negative film in the factory storage room should be wrapped in paper and the wrapper pasted shut so that the paper must be torn to get it off. When reloading film holders, the camera man does not wrap the tin cans of exposed film, hence the only fresh film the camera man has is the film in the wrapped boxes and in the film holders with the leading end stick- ing out. In addition to all other precautions, the exposed film should be 120