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MOTOGRAPHY 59 sent in to the factory as soon as exposed, but even then the factory may send back an exposed roll to the camera man, and danger sig- nals should be watched for. For studio work and field work close to the factory, film holders may be loaded in the factory darkroom. Where the camera man is in a distant city or still worse in the country, it may be necessary to transfer film from tin cans to camera film holders when no dark- room is available. A bedroom closet will serve if an assistant out- side will hang clothing or bed clothing over the cracks of the door until the camera man inside can see no light. Kneeling on the floor at the bedside with the hands (and films and boxes) under the covers, either at night or with shades drawn and a bed cover hung over the window, the camera man may work by touch. Have an empty tin can and as a first operation transfer the film to the can and as a second operation transfer the film from a new can to the film holder. In the field, if the emergency arise, take off the coat and shove the arms through the sleeves the wrong way, changing the film inside the coat. An assistant supplies the film and boxes to the hands in- side the coat, and muffles it further by any available clothing. Get in the deepest shadow available. For all these emergency methods it may be borne in mind that the roll of film is largely self-protecting. On the sides of the roll, the light must penetrate 3/16 inch before reaching the latent images, the inner layers are light-struck by the acts of loading the camera and they serve to protect the following layers, while on the outer layers there may be left several layers of unused film for protection if the emergency reloading is known in advance. Loading the Camera. The loading of the camera is an opera- tion designed for daylight work. It is no more difficult than thread- ing a film through a projecting machine. The full take-up film holder is removed. The empty film holder is taken from the feed position and fastened securely in the take-up position, the hub being connected with the mechanism of the camera, and the handle given a few turns to ascertain that the hub is turning properly to take up the exposed film. A loaded filmholder then is placed in the feed position and the end of the film pulled out to reach the feed mechanism. A brush should be attached to the inside of the camera door by a spring clip, and the inside of the camera, particularly the film window, 127