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MOTOGRAPHY 71 Reversing. The camera may reverse the action in three methods, of which the third mentioned is the usual one employed. First, some cameras are so constructed that the handle may be turned backward or forward. When making reversed scene with such a camera, load the film into the take-up position and the take-up box into the feed position, then change the take-up belt or gears to wind upon the feed spindle position which now is reversing take-up. Second, mount a reversing prism in front of the camera and turn as usual. Third, the camera is provided with a tripod screw or socket in the top. Turn the camera top down on the tripod, and turn as usual except that the crank now is upon the opposite side of the camera from that to which the operator is accustomed. Finders. A finder for focusing is not convenient for deter- mining the view while panoraming. It is possible to panoram accu- rately by sighting along the side or top corner of the camera, par- ticularly when two operators are working the camera, but when there is but one and he stands at the side of the camera, turning two cranks at the same time, a finder bringing the view into convenient position will be an advantage. Indicator. A film-measuring device works upon the constant feed of the film and has its dial outside. The indicator can be reset by the operator. The operator sets the hand to zero when loading the camera, and the hand then will read upon the scale the length of film turned through. Knowing the length put into the camera when loading, the operator can by subtraction know the length still remain- ing. When not enough film remains for the next scene, the camera must be reloaded, the lens being capped and the film "marked," and the remainder of the film wound through into the take-up box before opening the camera to reload. It is possible to make the dial of the film indicator read "remain- ing film" instead of "used film," the operator setting the hand back- ward to the equivalent of the film length when loading the camera, and the hand reading upon the dial at all times just the amount of film remaining as the hand approaches zero. Marker. The marker is a push button or pull knob on the outside of the camera, and usually operated to punch a hole in the film near the film window. Its use is to indicate on the film the end of a scene. For the benefit of the developing room, a "test exposure" 139