French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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ine) For my purposes, a hierarchic or stratified construct has the most advantages.1! First, it permits us to create distinct patterns in what was in fact a confluent, overlapping series of events. Second, a hierarchie construct permits us to examine similarities between strata (e.g., between Impressionist film theory and Impressionist film style). Finally a hierarchic construct renders periodization more flexible, since periodization may be applied to any stratum individually; this permits us to avoid what Leonard S. Meyer has called the fallacy of hierarchic uniformity, "the tacit and usually unconscious assumption that the same forces and processes which order and articulate one hierarchic level are operative, are equally effective, and function in the same fashion in the,.structuring ofall levels."¢ We start, then, with a multilayered phenomenon. In France between 1918 and 1928, the Impressionist movement emerged. It engaged in a polemical crusade for film's status as an art, stimulated the creation of a theory of film, and created a distinctive film style. This study will examine the operation of this movement on three historical strata: the stratum of cultural activities which sought to establish film as an art; the stratum of theoretical writing; and the stratum of film style. These three strata constitute complementary «