French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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CHAPTER II. IMPRESSIONISM AND THE BUILDING OF A FILM CULTURE In France between 1913 and 1925, a substantial change took place in the status of cinema in the eyes of artists and the educated public. In 1913, a theatre ecritic could write inthe prestigious journal La Revue des Deux Mondes: "La vogue du cinéma est un nouveau recul pour la lecture, déja battue en bréche de toutes parts. C'est un nouveau 6chec pour le livre,--qui n'en est plus a les compter."1 Yet ten years later the same journal was publishing a regular column concerned solely with that mortal enemy of the book. In the late 'teens, an influential writer like Anatole France was condemning the cinema as the sign of a new apocalypse. ("Il ne s'agit pas de la fin du monde, mais de la fin d'une civilisation"@), yet by 1921 no less a figure than Proust -confessed that he had only two desires: "I wish I was well enough to go once to the cinema and to the 'Boeuf sur le Toit.!" In 1912, French newspapers did not even list local film programs; by 19253: according: to: one’ historian,! there were Six periodicals devoted solely to cinema, and daily film columns were featured in over twenty-three newspapers. 4 The cinema's infectious popularity in the decade 1910-1920 was alarming to men like Henry Joly, René Bazére, and