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French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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44 cinéastes. There is thus some justice in Harry Alan Po tamkin's claim that "The Cinema in France has influeneed French letters before it has influenced itself.1e8 A Tew artists and critics were as quick to recognize aesthetic possibilities in the cinema: Maurice Raynal, a leading defender of Cubism, praised Feuillade's Fantomas ecStatically ("0 noblesse! 6 Beaute! wo 2 NCOPe, a7 jtavais sous la main la plume d'un Brunétiére!"¢9), Standish Lawder has discussed in detail both Picasso's and Leopold Survage's plans for Cubist films between 1912 ana 194.4 28 But it appears that the full force of cinema as a modern popular art became particularly clear after 1915, .the .year of the massive importation of American films. into Paris, While detailed industrial history is not within the scope of this work, some general causes and consequences of the influx of American films must be indicated. It is no exaggeration to Say that World War I ea French film industry profoundly. Workers in factories and studios were mobilized, the nitrocellulose needed for raw film was commandeered for use in making explosives; film factories were requisitioned for use aS munitions plants.31 Production fe,l Off: sharply. The magnitude of the war's threat is typified most clearly in the plight of Charles Pathé's firm. By 1914, he had