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French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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100 respect), film is "un spectacle collectif avec 1'intermédiatre d'un acteur."29 yet like the plastic arts, the filmic’ artifact “is fixed in its composition; unlike dance or music, it does not vary from one performance to another.21! Like music and dance, though, cinema unrolls in a "musical Space" since "un rythme vivant et sa répétition dans la durée la caractérisent."22 According to this position, then, film as a medium synthesizes various aspects of other media. Its distinctness as an art lies in its nencrtey "mixture" of these aspects; other mixtures, like theatre or opera, yield different arts. This strain in Impressionist thought clearly owes a good deal to Wagner's theories, not only in Canudo's manner of dividing the arts but also in the primary emphasis which falls upon cinema as a synthesis. To this synthetic conception of film art is Opposed a far more prevalent one which we may call reureret. Rather than locating films distinctness in its unique mixture of the media of other arts, the alternate tendency sees film as a single autonomous medium with powers which no other medium possesses. What Marcel L'Herbier called "cette fameuse spécificité"°) is for most ImpresSlonist film theory the tacit assumption that every art has its unique range of materials. "Tout art," writes