French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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120. of mise-en-scéne the in German Expressionism) is intrinSically cinematic. Epstein writes of Caligari's "hypertrophy" of decor, while Cendrars denies that Caligari 1s cinematic because it ignores the transforming powers of the camera: "Les déformations ne sont pas agken un et ne dependent pas de l'angle unique de l'appareil de prise de vues, ni de l'objectif, ni du diaphragme, ni de la mise au point. Aucune purification du métier, tous les effets obtenus a l'aide de moyens appartenant 4 la peinture, a la musique, a la littérature, etc. On ne voit nulle part l'appareil de prise de vues."80 ‘Thus the role of the camera--what Epstein later called "l'intelligence d'un machine"--remains greater than that of mise-en-scéne. According to the Impressionists, then, the film image's mystery comes from the fact that photogénie Simultaneously reveals a hidden meaning in material reality and subjectively transforms that reality through film technique. But doesn't every film do this to at least Some degree? Impressionists would answer yes, and at this point the normative emphasis reappears. Given the image's basic capacities, it is foolish to try to bend the image to a purely recording function. The film-maker should Swim with the current, so to speak; the film-maker should capitalize on the cinema's natural expressive potential.