French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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149 The Logical Nature of the Paradigm This study assumes that a style paradigm may be constructed on one of two logical models.The first is that. of necessary and sufficient conditions: that is, first, to be a member of X class a film must have a certain trait (necessary condition), and secondly, having that trait constitutes grounds for inclusion in X class (sufficient condition). For example, a necessary-and-sufrficient-conditions model might entail our requiring that an Impressionist film contain rhythmic editing and that the presence of rhythmic editing be sufficient to make a given film a member of the Impressionist class. Following the lead of Ludwig Wittgenstein, many philosophers have criticized the necessary-and-sufficient-conditions model. In aesthetics, Morris Weitz has attacked the model in a celebrated essay, "The Role of Theory in Aesthetics," where in he argues that definition of the concept art and of artistic styles by necessary and sufficient conditions is a fundamental error because the logic of such concepts does not permit the. categories to be closed by arbitrary stipulation. This study does not utilize the necessary-andsufficient-conditions model for the empirical reason that it is too restrictive. If one is to avoid arbitrary