French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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145 transformation moves in the direction of suggesting either the film-maker's attitude or characters' inner states. In the first event, film techniques are bent to the purpose of stressing the film-maker's Samiasnta tka of the filmed material. More often, it is characters' psychological states which are expressed through the camerawork, mise-enscéne, optical devices, and editing. Camera distance, angle, and movement present either a character's optical point of view or represent a state of the character's feeling. To a lesser extent, mise-en-scéne permits emphasizing psychologically significant elements, but (in contrast to German Expressionism) a character's subjective state is almost never projected. directly through the mise-en-scéne. Optical devices (dissolves, superimpositions, gauze-focus) are much more important than mise-enscéne in denoting subjectivity: through deformations and distortions, optical devices represent purely mental images (e.g., a fantasy), affective states (e.g., gauzefocus over a character's wistful expression), or optically subjective states (e.g., weeping, blindness). Finally, editing in Impressionist films is often used to denote subjective time, space, and rhythm. Cuts. to flashbacks, memory-images, and fantasies give us the temporal pattern of.a) character's; thoughts..,,..Intercutting),shots,.of. the