French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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224 a the emergence of their Pole etore! + Sve Chapter IT has indicated, throughout the 1910-1920 decade, cinema grew in popularity both among general audiences and among intelleetuals. In the latter circles, the Impressionist fijimmakers were decidedly at home. All had aspired to be artists-Playwrights (Gance, Delluc), musicians (Dulac, L'Herbier), poets (Epstein), actors (Clair), or belletrists (Delluc, Canudo). Thus they swam within specific intellectual currents of the time: Gance and Canudo were close friends with Cendrars and Léger; Delluc was a protege of Claudel’, as Epstein was of Cendrars; Clair was friends with Picabia and Satie. In’ thas atmosphere the Impressionist aesthetic was distilled. Despite the diversity of Such personal alliances, however, that aesthetic had a remarkably uniform consistency. Tronically, Impressionist theory had Ta ¢ete in common with that modernist avant-garde whom Roger Shab tuck delineates in The Banquet rears. As” our examination of Impressionist theory has suggested, the film-makers and writers were far more in debt to Symbolist thought than to the work of Jarry, Satie, or even Apollinaire. Dellue and Epstein provide the two most apt instances of the essentially nineteenth-century strain in Impressionism. We have already seen Symbolist assumptions in Delluc's theorizing; his activities from 1913 to 1923 are