French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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240 rendering of Labiche's Italian Straw Hat and then to a semi-abstract documentary, La Tour (1928). Most mereurial were the changes in Dulac, who from a script by Artaud made a quasi-Surrealist film La Coquille et le Clergyman (1927), which in its dream-structure lacked the typical ImpresSionist concern with narrative. Later, Dulae's. work intersected with that of another avant-garde, the abstractfilm movement. Her later films, such as Disque 927, Thémes et Variations, Germination d'un Haricot (all 1928) and Etude Cinégraphique Sur une Arabesque (1929),°bear the influence of Léger, Eggeling, and other makers of abstract films. How can one explain such styhiatie diffusion in the movement? Apart from idiosyncrasies of temperament of the film-makers, the causes of the stylistiendiffusion inthe films of the 1926-1929 period may be found in several external factors. First, until 1924-1925, virtually all the Impressionists were either directly employed by large firms (e.g., Gance, L'Herbier, Dulac) or worked for small independent firms that offered a degree oflatitude ‘in experimentation (e.g., Delluc's work for Nalpas, Bodtedeits for Kamenka's "Albatros"). But in 1924, Gance and L'Herbier formed their own production companies (Films Abel Gance and "Cinégraphic" respectively). In the same year, the