French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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ao Epstein's La Glace a Tinie Faces (1927), La Chute de la Maison Usher (1928), and Finis Terrae (1929), Renoir's Charleston (1927) and La Petite Marchande d'Allumettes (1928), Dulac's La Coquille et le Clergyman (1927), Disque 927 (1928), Thémes et Variations (1928), Germination d'un Haricot (1928), and Etude Cinégraphique sur une Arabesque (1929), Kirsanov's Menilmontant (1926), and Clair's La Tour (1928) range in length from ten minutes to an hour-short enough to be financed privately and shown as a second film at specialized theatres. More significantly, vif etine film-maker were certain that a specialized audience were to See the film, he or she could push stylistic innovation further than under the mass-market distribution system. It is thus no accident that the late Impressionist films are much more esoteric in style than the earlier ones: the assurance of an elite audience encouraged film-makers like Epstein and Dulac to make much fuckin compressed, elliptical films than they had earlier. A third factor in the stylistic diffusion of the movement operated in a more roundabout fashion. The middle and late 1920's saw new avant-garde film movements emerge: first the abstract film (after 1924) and then the Surrealist film (after 1926). Surrealism seems to have had little influence on the Impressionists; even Dulac's Coquille