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French Impressionist Cinema: Film Culture, Film Theory, and Film Style (December 1974)

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VU x et le Clergyman was denounced by its scenarist Artaud as a travesty of Surrealism. 43 The abstract-film movement, however, was not only influenced by Impressionist film style and film theory but in turn influenced Impressionism. Specifically, the abstract-film movement owes much of its stylistic impetus to CHU. tad euet rls oe debate over "pure film." Two strands of Impressionist film theory--the assumption of cinematic specificity and the analogies drawn with musical rhythm--were pursued to their ultimate eone lusion by the theory of the abstract or "pure" or "integral" film. Like the abstract-film theorists, Impressionist theorists raised the possibility of "pure rhythm," which Canudo found present in La Roue and which Moussinaec prophesied in Naissance du Cinéma. 14 Of all the Impressionist theorists, Germaine Dulac gave the strongest support for the abstract-film movement's position, for she utilized the musical analogy more insistently than most. She spoke longingly of "la symphonie visuelle que je réve d'écrire un jour, lointain hélas! Mettra en scene moins de personnages, ira plus loin dans les jeux de lumiére pure...s'@vadera de toute logique littéraire pour ne jouer comme 1a symphonie musicale avec les sensations."45 She found similar anti-literary qualities in La Roue, wherein: