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February, 1925
The Use of Visual Aids in Teaching
81
Classroom Instruction in Newark through use of film and portable
projector
easier, the supplanting of text-books, more economical method of instruction, etc. Some of the accomplishments of the film, when conditions are right, may come to pass, in part at least, but sweeping indiscriminating claims of this character have done more harm than good. There are a number of tangible and definite obstacles to be overcome before the film functions largely in the schools as an aid to instruction, — the recognition of the public of the instructional value of the film and its place in the schools; the provision in the budget by those in authority for film purchase and rental, purchase of projectors; training of teachers in the wise use of film and in handling projectors; availability of a sufficient number of pedagogically edited films for purchase and rental; and saner views of the fire hazards involved in running films embodied in a rational law governing the same.
What Constitutes an Instructional Film?
Opinions will differ on this point according to individual notions. A text-book that seems to be ideal in the opinion of one teacher will
not appeal to another; however, there are, it seems to me, certain fundamental principles that should be observed in making an instructional film:— the subject should be one which a film will illustrate more effectively than any other form of illustration, it should contain animated work if this lends to clearness and comprehensiveness of subject matter, a well selected title, carefully chosen subtitles, good photography, a sequence in development of subject matter as applied to subtitles and pictures.
How to Use an Instructional Film
A good workman is always master of his tools, so in putting the film to use the teacher needs to know how to make use of the material shown in it and how to clarify and deepen the impressions made by it. The film may show only a part of what the pupils should know of the subject but by reason of the definite visual images given he is helped thereby to understand other sources of information bearing on this subject.
A digest or synopsis should be available with all instructional film and should set forth