The Educational screen (c1922-c1956])

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November, 1930 269 Developing the Film-Slide One of the most compact filmslide printing-and-developing outfits is put out by the Leitz organization. Their "Reelo" developing tank and positive printer are carefully designed for the special purpose. A one-, two-, or threereel tank may be obtained. Each reel will hold nearly six feet of thirty-five-millimeter film. If possible, extra reels should be obtained, so that the film can remain on the spool from the time it is printed, through the developing and fixing and final drying processes In this way fingerprints, scratches, and dust-particles will be avoided. Correct developing, clean, strained solutions, and thorough washing will produce the beautiful film-slide.s you desire. When it is realized that a small picture one inch square is to be enlarged on the screen to five or ten feet square, special care during each process of film-slide making is essential to obtain perfect results. Choosing a Developer After experimenting with several dozen developers, including a number from the inner sanctums of several Hollywood motion-picture studios, I have concluded that the Eastman developers for positives can hardly be improved upon. The D-16 developer for motion-picture negative or positive film is excellent, and is prepared as follows : Water (about 125° F.) . . . . 64 ounces Elon 17 grains Sodium Sulphite .SM ounces Hydroquinone ..350 grains Sodium Carbonate 2}4 ounces Potassium Bromide 50 grains Citric Acid 40 grains Potassium Metabisulphite. . 85 grains Cold water to make 1 gallon Average time of development 7 to 15 minutes at 65° F. (18° C.) I have also obtained good re sults with the borax D-76 finegrain developer when using the bead screen during projecting. This developer seems to give a little mo re gradation o f values, and the bead screen helps to produce the best illumination. For obtaining more contrasty film-slides, the D-11 developer is Figure 5 Willard D. Morgan The compact film-slide printing and developing outfit made by E. Leits, Inc. good ; and, if extremely contrasty slides are desired, the D-9 Hydroquinone-Caustic developer is the ultimate. This caustic developer is perfect when making snappy film-slides of maps, line-drawings, or printed matter. By sticking to these few well-tested developers, any degree of contrast may be obtained in the positives. Film-Slide Applications As the making of film-slides can be done so cheaply, many possibilities open for amateur and professional workers. By using a Leica or other small camera for making still-pictures on thirtyfive-millimeter film, it is possible to photograph and prepare filmslide collections on any subject, from the native birds of a special locality to the summer-vacation trip with all its rich experiences. A film-slide collection will display real dramatic interest and produce a decided impact upon the memory of all who see the pictures. When it is necessary to give a special lecture at the club, before sales conventions, or in the classroom, the projected film-slides will produce the clinching factor. If the Leica double-frame projector is used, these film-slides may be prepared in the usual filmstrip form or in the individual slides previously described. Singleor double-frame film-slides may be purchased, covering interesting subjects from all over the world. By having such plastic possibilities available, any combination of pictures may be obtained and used whenever the occasion demands. In comparing the costs of glassslides and film-slides, it is found that one film-slide picture costs y2 cent and one glass Z]/^ x 4-inch lantern-slide costs from 8 to 10 cents for the material alone, not counting the time for preparing it and later binding. Then, coupled with the added conveniences of lightness and unbreakability, the film-slides become even more valuable for filling the particular field in which they are used. Those interested in sports will find that pictures of special golfpositions, tournaments, archery forms, or even football plays, take on new possibilities for study on the film-slide screen. Microscopic pictures are easily obtained with the Leica camera and projected film-slides "throw up the image" to dramatic proportions. For private entertainments and parties, d special cartoon or pictorial feature may be presented with the film-slide outfit. The positives may be hand-colored to produce more natural effects when desired. The film-slide is taking a definite place in the home, business house, or in the classroom, which cannot be fulfilled by the motion picture or any other medium of picture-projection. Conseqaiently. {Concluded on page 283)