The educational screen (c1922-c1956])

February, 1942 Page 55 Sources of materials for the opaque projector include trade magazines, personal drawings and sketches, shop blueprints, (small size), manu- facturer's books of instruc- tion, trade and technical texts, trade handbooks and reference manuals, free pamphlets and literature from commercial firms. Some of these sources are shown here with the machines. A Visual Aid for Defense Trade Training Ax iiiiportant Defen.se educational problem is to organize specific instructional material ap])licable to the job needs of the local Defense industry. In the past most organized visual education material has been of a general nature with little direct applica- tion to job needs. The marine machinist, airplane ma- chinist and the machinist in a tank factory have many things in common but at the same time a great differ- ence in job knowledge is required. This specific jol) knowledge is the one most difficult to secure instruc- tional material on, though more and more such ma- terial is becoming available now. The major part of it depends on the instructor's memory of job methods, standards and many other items. The teacher can only organize instructional material around his own technical knowledge and experiences. Trade Training May Be Divided Into Three Situations: 1. Actual jobs, projects or experiments, requiring the manipulative skills, are done by students in a shop or laboratory. 2. Students make regular layout patterns and draw- ings which constitute a part of the trade. For example: sheet metal layout and shipfitter lofting. 3. Students are in a classroom in which the techni- cal knowledge associated with the trade jobs is presented. The most difficult to present so that it will be re- tained is the teclinical knowledge in a classroom situation. The tendency is for many teachers to lecture too much with the students in a more or less passive attitude. Visual education machines and more especial- ly the reflectoscope, or opaque projector, help the instructor to present efficiently the technical knowledge of a trade. Such instruments are the Balopticon of Bausch and Lomb and the Delinea.scope of Spencer Lens Co. Most of us are familiar with the 16mm silent and sound movie films, glass slides and the 35mm strip Concrete suggestions ior using the opaque projector as an effective tool in the defense training program. H. W. MALSTROM Acting Director of Industrial Education Public Schools, Bremerton, Washington film slides. In the academic fields these have been de- veloped to a very high efficiency but in the vocational trades much of the visual material is either obsolete or too general. It is also difficult to secure adequate bookings and material is not available in sufficient quantities for any one trade. The reflectoscope is universally adaptable to any trade without the necessity of booking in advance available visual material or of preparing costly and tiine-taking films and slides of one's own making. This machine uses material from magazines, books and drawings as they are and reflects it enlarged on a screen just as if it were a regular slide. For quick organization of instructional material in a trade, the reflectoscope is superior to other ma- chines. It allows the instructor to select pictures, drawings, etc.. that apply directly to shop needs. Any related .subjects class that uses drawings, graphs, diagrams and pictures can make elTective use of the reflectoscope. We have five of these machines in con- stant use by the related subjects teachers in the trades. Instructional Pcaturcs of the Reflectoscope 1. Only one copy of material is needed for the entire class. 2. The projector is simple to operate. 3. Can be used with any size of class. 4. Colors are reproduced same as on the original. 5. Both sides of the paper used may have instruc- tional data. 6. Material may be used from books, magazines, pamphlets, etc. without cutting or otherwi.se damaging it. (Concluded on pat/c 81)