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Page 344 The Educational Screen An eleventh grade social studies class at work on a study unit in American History. University of Iowa under the leadership of Lee Cochran, director, supplied the camera, lighting, recording equipment and the film technicians. The sixteen millimeter Berndt-Maurer camera used was the Sound Pro, silent type, 503B ; the sound recorder was the semi-portable, model D, designed to accom- pany the above mentioned camera. A single West- ern Electric unidirectional microphone was used. All lighting came from artificial sources. The pic- ture and sound recordings were made on negative type film in order that additional prints could be made after editing. The total cost of the project was $339.49. There was no charge made for the use of the equipment, the locations, or the services of the technicians. Fourth Step, .^n analysis was made of the inter- ests, abilities, and needs of the pupils, and the coop- erative planning method was selected. It was also decided that the demonstration should be extempo- raneous, as a prepared script would lessen the naturalness and value of the film. Fifth Step. A training program of eight meetings in the studio was administered to the teacher and the pupils so that extraneous factors of equipment and production personnel, would have less distrac- tion at the final filming. Trial sound recordings were made of the regular classroom work for three preceding meetings. These were played back to the class so that obvious imperfections in speaking could be pointed out and, in so far as possible, cor- rected. Two previous class periods were given to a discussion of the cooperative planning procedure, which had been used previously in the normal course of instruction. Some test films were made. Sixth Step. A crew of twelve persons was used in the filming process^director of the production, a cameraman and three assistants, a sound engineer and two assistants, an electrician, two doorkeepers, and a time-keeper. The double system of recording was used. The class discussion was halted only for reloading cameras every eleven minutes. The film was made on December third, 1941. Seventh Step. When the film was returned from the laboratories, it was checked carefully, matched, edited, cut, titled, and synchronized. Only the in- articulate parts were actually removed from the film, not exceeding one hundred feet. The combined positive print was made. Eighth Step. A manual was prepared to supple- ment the film by providing certain information about its preparation, content, and possible uses as an instrument in teacher education with suggestions for studying. Ninth Step. This last step, the evaluation of the film, resembled the pattern followed by Gray- for the sound motion picture film Navajo Children. The evaluation was made by securing ratings and criti- 2H. A. Gray, "Evaluation and Use of Sound Films," The Elementary School Journal. 42; 97-104. October, 1941.