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UTILIZING THE TALKING PICTURE 103 Even more important, the talking picture, because of its vivid- ness and reality of impression, is exceedingly potent in the devel- opment of attitudes and appreciations. It is essential that these outcomes be considered carefully in the planning of all educational talking-picture units because the very effectiveness of the device insures that deep impressions will be made and that conclusions will be drawn. Such outcomes are too important to be left to chance. It must be recognized that the talking picture has unrivaled ad- vantages for presenting certain learning situations and that its effectiveness may be limited in other situations. From the stand- point of personality, it cannot replace the teacher, but the teacher is even more important with it than without it. Although it should raise the level of all teaching and may even enable the teacher to instruct more children at one time, it is like the textbook in that it is but a means to an end, effective though that means may be. The talking picture makes the good teacher not less but more es- sential, because such a teacher will more nearly utilize the full educational potentialities of the medium. MAJOR PROBLEMS OF UTILIZATION—THE PROBLEM OF INTEGRATION WITH THE CURRICULUM Teachers must acquire a thorough understanding of this new medium of instruction, including the correct utilization tech- niques. Most difficulties in connection with the utilization of dif- ferent devices center around a few major problems. Probably the most complex problem in connection with the use of any mechanical aid to instruction is the integration of the use of the aid with teaching method and the curriculum. Many po- tentially valuable aids have failed of real utilization in the schools because no one planned carefully the function that each should have in promoting the fundamental work of the school. For illustration, the radio has been developed mechanically until it can meet the criteria of facility and simplicity of use. And yet it is not being used as extensively as its worth merits be- cause educational administrators have not determined just