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FILM AND EDUCATION
Ettinger's1 doctoral thesis, Projected Visual Aids in Business Education, has been published by the National Association of Business Teacher-Training Institutions. This study includes evaluations of existing visual aids in business education, through 1944, and an excellent bibliography quite completely annotated.
Gibson,2 also, has been one of the pioneers in the use of visual and auditory aids in business education, and like Ettinger, wrote his doctoral thesis in this field. During 19441945, he conducted a department of Audio-visual Business Education in the Business Education World. At Highlands University, Gibson has developed a Business Education AudioVisual Evaluation Sheet3 that business teachers will find useful in recording their own evaluations of films.
A recent book, The Preparation and Use of Visual Aids* by Haas and Packer has made a significant contribution to the technique of using and constructing visual aids. This is not limited to the field of business education nor to films, but it is of particular interest to teachers of business education since it is directed primarily toward on-the-job training and as such, has direct application in vocational business education classes. Both of the authors have had a large part of their teaching experience in business education, chiefly in education for the distributive occupations. Hence many of the illustrations are taken from that field.
Films can be used in business education for a variety of purposes, the exact purpose depending upon the area of business education in which the instruction is to be done and the type of learning involved. Within the area known as basic
1 Clifford Ettinger, Projected Visual Aids in Bussiness Education, The National Association of Business Teacher-Training Institutions, 1946.
2 E. Dana Gibson, Communication Sound Slide S-cripts. New York University, Ed.D., 1944
3 E. Dana Gibson, "A Miniuum Audio Visual Program for Business Education Department." The Balance Sheet, October, 1946, p. 64.
4 Kenneth B. Haas and Harry Q. Packer, The Preparation and Use of Visual Aids. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1946.
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