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FILMS IN THE ARMED SERVICES
followed by examinations, discussions or other appropriate applicatory exercises."
The Navy, too, used some training films in the First World War. From fragmentary information that has been gathered they appear to have been on the subject of electricity. But the recorded history of training films in the Navy indicates that prior to 1941 little consistent study was given to speeding up the training process by using films. However, a few men in the Navy, too, recognized the potentialities of this educational tool and its increasing importance in civilian life.
Most vocal was Lt. Comdr. S. G. Kelly, USN, who as Navigating Officer aboard the Northampton, said in an article published in the U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings for April 1941, "... in one all important field, that of personnel training, we seem to be overlooking a most valuable aid — the use of motion pictures." Lt. Comdr. Kelly stated that motion pictures could be of value in training for every activity of the Navy. He went so far as to suggest subjects for which audiovisual teaching aids could be used, e.g., navigation, piloting, naval engineering, gunnery and tactics, recruitment and indoctrination, tactical fleet problems, and others. He predicted that a national emergency would "put into immediate service large numbers of new personnel and that the training film would repay its cost a thousand-fold."
In addition to Lt. Comdr. Kelly, Captain Byron McCandless, Commanding Officer of the Destroyer Base, San Diego, also emphasized the need for training films. Captain McCandless, a long-time audio-visual enthusiast in charge of training thousands of enlisted men in the Pacific Fleet schools, stated that the only way to sear information into the minds of the young recruits was through the use of visual methods when training them. He said further that training must give the recruits clear, concise information on what they are to do, and that ordinary methods of instruction do not accomplish this. Captain McCandless said, "I know from experience the only
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