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II: THE SOUND FILM
Sound: The Great Revolution
Sound projected the film out of the shadowy world of its initial silence into the open arena of the direct representation of actuality. *
This was a true revolution, far greater than the introduction to the motion picture of either colour or the third dimension or the wide-screen image.
We gain our main experience of the world through the exercise of our five senses. Of these, seeing and hearing are the ones most vital to us in extending the quality and range of our experience; taste, smell, and touch are older and more animal reactions, deeply necessary to our physical welfare and pleasure. The arts make use of sight and hearing, and to a lesser extent of touch, and rely very little on the other senses.
As a branch of dramatic art wholly concerned with human thought, emotion, and action, the silent film was hampered by being limited to a single sense experience. Everything which could not be implied visually (which often proved to be a slow process on the screen, retarding the
*Warner Brothers launched sound with film commercially on 26 August 1926, when Don Juan was shown with synchronized music on disc. This was followed by the partial sound film The Jazz Singer in October 1927, which gave a sensational demonstration of lip-synchronized singing. The first complete talkie from America was Lights of New York (1929). In Britain, Blackmail (1929) was the first sound film with some dialogue; it was also released silent. The first sound film to be made in France was Rene Clair's Sous les Toits de Paris (1929), though this was preceded by some indifferent French productions made in England, because the French studios were not equipped soon enough. The first partially synchronized feature film to be produced in Germany was / kiss your Hand, Madame, with Marlene Dietrich, shown early in 1929; the first true sound film was Ruttmann's Melody of the World (March 1929). The first Swedish sound film was Sag Deti Toner (1929). Italy followed in 1930 with La Canzone delVAmore, and Russia in the same year with Kozintsev and Trauberg's synchronized film Alone, and the true sound film made by Nikolai Ekk. The Road to Life.
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