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THE ACTUAL
Education to lay down a future policy. The complete control of film production and distribution, however, soon passed into the hands of the Government and there began the development of the cinema along the lines of Lenin's policy. From that time onward, films were produced according to carefully laid plans, with certain types of films for certain audiences. The new cinema depicted the general policy of the Government and of the people; of construction and of creation. Further, all profit derived from the exhibition of films went to the realisation of better and bigger productions. Theoretically, it was an admirable state of affairs for the nurturing of a new form of dramatic expression.
Even as in literature themes are developed, ideas propounded, and problems solved beyond the mere exercise of writing and style, so the Soviet directors contrived to employ the visual images of the cinema to express, not, as in other countries, mere thrilling episodes and acrobatic sensations, but the spirit and heart of mankind. Under the new policy a film was considered worthless unless it elucidated some new idea for the stimulation of mass thought. On principle, every film presented a problem or a theory which was definitely connected with the everyday life of the persons for whom it was made. A content of sociological importance was the basis of all productions; and around this was woven a narrative story-interest. Added to which, numerous pictures were made which depicted the events of the revolution and life under the Czarist regime, both of which were, as was to be expected, considerably distorted to suit the Government's purpose. (The exclusion of Trotsky, for instance, in Eisenstein's October, renders it valueless as an historical document. One remembers, also, the distortion of historical events in the French Commune film, Kozintsev and Trauberg's New Babylon.) Commercially, aesthetically, and politically the cinema was the ideal medium for the glorification of the Soviets.
We are to understand, then, that the Soviet film such as has been produced in increasing numbers as the years have progressed, is designed to instruct, to develop, and to connect up the thought and conditions of the outlying villages with that of the big towns; so that each man, woman, and child in every district shall be made aware of the social, scientific, industrial, and political progress of the State. And in order to stimulate the interest of the masses in the film industry, production is taken into their lives so that they have
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