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THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
Flic\er
Recurring flashes of light and darkness will be perceived by the observer in the form of a "flicker," a term with which we are all more or less familiar. There are several causes for flicker. It might be caused by the alternate opening and closing of the lens by the revolving shutter of the projector. A screen never produces flicker; the efficiency of a screen determines the amount of light which can be properly used. Any brigher light or higher amperage will cause a semblance of flicker, but it is not the screen. If these flashes of light and darkness come too far apart (if the picture is run too slow) or if they be out of proportion one to the other, then the eye will perceive a flicker. Should the picture have been taken very slowly of very rapid motion then in the projection of that film at normal speed you will be conscious of flickering. Flicker is very serious in that it produces an eye strain, which in the early days of motion pictures kept many away from theatres.
Scratched or Damaged Film
Great damage of film is caused by unintelligent handling of the film, such as: lack of care in the adjustment of the projector, improper lining of the two elements of the rewind, too rapid rewinding, and improper storing. Damaged film of any nature cannot produce good projection. Scratches in the emulsion of the films are generally caused during rewinding when one reel is slowed up and the other permitted to revolve rapidly for the purpose of tightening the film on the reel. Scratches cause a diffusion of the light passing through the film and it results in poor definition and a light picture. Injury to sprocket holes is generally caused by undercut or hooked sprocket teeth. This causes a jumpy picture and is responsible for many breaks.
Improper Patching
Film repairing should under no circumstances be done by any other than very reliable and competent projectionists. Improper
[79] .
BALABAN &? KATZ THEATRE MANAGEMENT