Handbook for motion picture and stereopticon operators (1908)

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Operator's Handbook 65 not only prevents a great deal of heat from striking the film but, being closed in, the film is robbed of the necessary air or oxygen to support combustion, so there is no fire, although the film may wrinkle and ultimately smoke if it stands still in the window long enough. The Carbons. Use cored carbons of the highest grade, "Eleo tra " brand is the best, separated 3/16ths to 3/8ths of an inch and pointed before use. Use 5/8 carbons above and 9/16 carbons below in motion-picture machines. Soft carbons give the best results. A soft carbon may be distinguished from a hard carbon by breaking it, although some little experience is required. The soft carbons show a dull black broken end, while the hard carbons exhibit a slight silvery gray appearance. The two carbons are set in line and at an angle to the axis of the optical system, or set at right angles with each other (the former always in motion-picture lamps) in both cases, the lower one being a little in advance. This gives a very bright crater in the back focus of the condensers. Lamp Adjustment. The motion-picture lamp should have longitudinal, lateral, and vertical movement, and positive means of securing this adjustment after the lamp is hot and the machine in motion. The lamp