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82 HANDBOOK OF K IN E M ATOGR APH Y. A FIG. 63. which admits of the accommodation of longer lengths of film by allowing for contraction right to the drum ends themselves. As will be seen, the attachment consists of nothing but a short elastic loop, " A " having a small wooden block " C " swung at one end of it to which block the film, may be pinned, while a second drawing pin " B " at the other end of the elastic loop allows of its being attached to either end of the drum, and in any desired position along its rim. Obviously the virtue of such an arrangement is that the elastic provides the necessary compensation for whatever film contraction takes place, thus obviating any bursting of the half dry film end from its moorings, which would certainly sound the knell of part or all the film length. Let us now pass to the drying drum as usually constructed on a fairly large scale. Here the only great departure from the arrange- ment shown in figure 62 is in the matter of the film supporting lathes. Instead of being made springy to allow of film contraction, the necessary compensation is here obtained by means more consistent with the unavoidable extra solidity of the whole construction. A way of obtaining perfect stability of the drum's structure while still allowing for film shrinkage is by means of the system of hinged film supports as depicted in figure 64. The small diagram (A) shows the actual method of hingeing the slats, while the larger one (B) represents them in operation upon part of the surface of a drying drum. In B, A represents the film as wound upon the hinged slats C, C, C, C, and before drying has commenced. It will be seen that the hinges are partly open. As a matter of fact, provided the height and shape of the film supporting lathes has been rightly adjusted, the closing of the hinged slats from their fully open position should be automatic as the film dries. Generally, however, it is advisable to start the hinges as shown in figure 64 B, after winding on the film to be dried. Once this is done the contraction of the celluloid will flatten down the lathes more and more up to the point where drying is complete. In practice it would not be necessary or advisable to hinge all the-slats on a drying drum of this variety. One hinged one, and then two or three firmly supported ones is a better proportion. Also where film drying is being carried on upon a large scale common sense will suggest that it is more economical in the end to pay the salary of a competent drying room attendant who will be on hand all the while and keep constant or frequent supervision over the tension of the film upon FIG. 64.