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i5o HARVARD BUSINESS REPORTS
possibilities of error in shipping routine. The use of discs entailed storage problems. A counter advantage was claimed for the disc method, however, to the effect that proper distribution of sound film prints required the shipment of two prints and that the extra print had a carrying charge in excess of that for 20 wax records. The life of the sound track on a film was not very long, and a new print represented an expense of from $20 to $30. The cost of replacing a record was slight. Another consideration which was important to the distributor was the problem of censorship. When a sound -film was censored, objectionable scenes were eliminated without great difficulty; with the disc, the removal of certain scenes from the print necessitated complicated arrangements for eliminating the sound which had never been satisfactorily solved from the standpoint of exhibition. Censorship was a local matter and constituted a troublesome problem, as a censored print might not be used outside the local territory.
The quality of reproduction obtained by the two methods was largely a matter of opinion. It was claimed that the tonal quality of the sound on film was more natural, more human, and more appealing. On the other hand, the adherents to the disc system contended that records gave more satisfactory sound quality in all reproduction. The screening value of film was affected by dirt, grit, or other foreign matter; the reproduction quality of a disc was affected by scratches and similar injuries to the face of the disc. It was claimed by a producing director than an audience was more inclined to look for flaws in reproduction — and consequently fail to follow the development of the photoplay — when listening to disc reproduction, because it was forewarned that a dialogue sequence was coming by a lowering of a score and a scratching of the needle on the record.
In the projection room operators claimed much less difficulty was encountered in operating the disc system; with sound on film the operator was compelled to take care of a number of important adjustments such as the operation of two amplifiers and an electric photocell. A disadvantage of discs in projection was the fact that not over 1,000 feet of film could be synchronized by a disc, making a change necessary every 10 minutes. Also, in the event that a film buckled or broke above the aperture plate, or the needle jumped from one groove to another on the disc, the reel was completely out of synchronism with no chance