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166 HARVARD BUSINESS REPORTS
the week. Films can serve as well for many of the group meetings held in churches as for the usual meetings. Many ministers are eager to employ films. The lack of appropriate films has greatly retarded development but as soon as films of an educational nature can be supplied they will be widely and frequently shown.
The County Farm Bureaus scattered over the country have long made use of motion pictures, primarily for the improvement of agriculture. The United States Department of Agriculture has a library of over 200 films which it supplies to county agents for projection before groups of farmers. Approximately 1,200 of these county agents have portable projection machines and they usually keep the films for a month, showing them from 10 to 25 times to different groups of farmers. They also employ films of general educational value which they obtain through the American Farm Bureau Federation in Chicago. The Federation is very anxious to secure new material of good quality for the county agents and will buy copies of films outright or handle them on a rental basis. The Director of the Film Distribution states that the Federation is prepared to purchase at least 50 copies of many of the films the University Film Foundation will produce.
The United States Xavy uses a great quantity of films annually, principally for entertainment but also for instruction. Nearly all of the ships are equipped with projection machines, and the Navy circulates the films from one ship to another throughout the fleet. At various times objections have been raised concerning the type of films and there is a demand to replace some of the entertainment films with material of an educational nature.
The development of 16 mm. films and projectors1 has brought about the increasing use of films in homes. Many families now rent films for home projection and buy copies for their own libraries. A number of companies are selling and distributing films for home use, and certain producers are receiving an appreciable income from this field. The quality of the material varies so greatly, however, that people have no assurance of the standard of the films they rent and buy. There is ultimately a great market here for material of a uniformly high standard, properly produced and edited.
In the international field, there is a distinct lack of educational film material. In England, the British Association for the Advancement of Science is interested in securing educational films and is working to have the customs duty into England removed on films of this nature in order to facilitate their introduction into the schools. In France and Germany there are several regional film libraries. In Austria, there is a central institution in Vienna that has a large collection of slides and photographs which are available for educational purposes. " These are but a few examples of the groups in other countries that are prepared to disseminate the material the Foundation will collect and produce."
1 Standard size him is 35 mm. Any other size requires special projection equipment.