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LIVING PICTURES AND PEEP SHOWS 5
in motion. Others arranged their plates in drum-like racks placed before a light, so that as the racks revolved motion seemed to exist. Although none of these devices were perfect or even practical, their exhibition in halls and other public places aroused interest in the subject of photographing life in motion and encouraged further research.
The "zoopraxascope" — nearly all of these early inventors insisted that they were scientists and to prove it selected long, unpronounceable Greek names for their apparatus — exhibited by Eadweard Muybridge at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893, was seen by many people and created widespread discussion of the possibilities of moving pictures. By 1893-4, tne subject of photographing life in action appeared frequently in newspapers and technical journals and in the conversations of the many Americans constantly fascinated by visions of new inventions and discoveries.
Of course there is no motion whatever in a "motion picture." On the screen each successive photograph stands still for about one-sixteenth of a second, but the eye is tricked into believing that the flow of movement is continuous. The early experimenters were searching for the number of pictures per second necessary to create this illusion; some of the experiments were placed at as few as six per second and others as high as forty or fifty. Sixteen was finally established as producing the most satisfactory results.
But even though men might determine the number of photographs per second necessary to create an illusion of motion, there was no camera with which to take the pictures. Isaacs set up a row of cameras and the horse ran by them, and while this method was novel and interesting it could hardly be practically and generally applied. There was need of a camera that would hold enough glass plates to take a series of photographs. As quickly as one photograph was made, the plate had to be removed from the lens and another substituted in its place, and so on in a series of photographed images which, projected on a screen, would produce the desired illusion. Inventors tried to de