The history of three-color photography (1925)

Color Filters or Color Screens 97 iodine would vaporize in time. V. Schumann, Phot. Archiv. 1880, 21, 111, used brown tissue paper, well oiled, in three thicknesses ; this was also used by von Staudenheim, Jahrbuch, 1891, 6, 267. J. Gaedicke, Jahrbuch, 1888, 1, 89, introduced a sodium lamp. Bardy, Riche and Girard, Bull. Soc. frang. Phot. 1875, 22, 6; 1883, 30, 205; 1889, 36, 33, and T. Stein, "Das Licht," 1877, 96 had anticipated Gaedicke. Fleichl, Wied. Annal. 1891, 38, 675; Chem. Ctrlbl. 1890, 306, suggested sodium bromide for this lamp. E. Vogel, Jahrbuch, 1890, 4, 199: Phot. Mitt. 1894; Bull. Soc. frang. Phot. 1894, 41, 212, suggested red pot glass, instead of flashed. He also suggested gelatin screens of rhodamin and aurantia, Jahrbuch, 1891, 5, 403; 1894, 8, 301. J. Robitschek, ibid. 1892, 6, 186 proposed two cylinders of red and yellow glass outside a candle. H. Hinterberger, Jahrbuch, 1898, 12, 137 tested various glasses and media. Cf. H. Precht, Phot. Ctrlbl. 1897, 177. A. Miethe, Das Atel. 1902, 9, 172; Jahrbuch, 1902, 16, 437, stated that darkroom screens should not transmit below 5800. R. Zsigmondy, Ann. d. Phys. 1901, (4), 60, 71; abst. Jahrbuch, 1902, 16, 440, dealt with the absorptions of colored Jena glasses and their composition. Cf. Zeits. f. Instrument. 1901, 4. C. Henry & J. Courtier, La Phot. 1900, 12: Jahrbuch, 1901, 15, 561 recommended impregnating paper with auramin and aurantia. W. Abney, Phot. 1898; Phot. Woch. 1898, 44, 371; Jahrbuch, 1899, 13, 479; Phot. Chron. 1899, 6, 444, recommended, specially for ortho plates, the soaking of fixed-out dry plates in methyl violet and combining with an orange glass. H. Calmels, Le Photogramme, 1904, 135 ; Phot. Woch, 1904, 50, 277; Jahrbuch. 1905, 19, 298 also recommended bathing plates in 0.3 per cent solution methyl violet and binding up with another glass, soaked in 0.6 per cent tartrazin. These passed only red, close to the A line. A. Miethe, Phot. Korr. 1904, 41, 224; Jahrbuch, 1904, 18, 311; 1905, 19, 298, introduced commercially stiff gelatin films, known as "Flexoid." Cf. Phot. Chron. 1904, 11, 81. W. Abney, Phot. 1903, 114 suggested pasting orange paper on chromium green glass, using a candle; the light appeared almost white, but was quite safe with ortho plates. LiippoCramer, Phot. Korr. 1904, 45, 186: Jahrbuch, 1904, 18, 312, stated that methyl violet and tartrazin screens passed much green that the eye could not see, which was likely to fog plates. R. Namias, II Prog. Foto, 1905, 12, 67: Jahrbuch, 1906, 20, 330, recommended soaking paper in a mixture of 1 per cent tartrazin and 0.1 per cent rhodamin. X. Jeannett and E. Mandevillum, E.P. 8,368, 1908; Brit. J. Phot. 1908, 55, 740; Jahrbuch, 1909, 23, 237, patented the use of lead chromate in gelatin, with or without orange or violet dyes. L. Castellani, Rev. Phot. 1904, 25 ; Phot. Chron. 1904, 11, 605, recommended soaking paper in aurantia and safranin. A. Rousseau, Photo-Rev. 1908, 20, 202, suggested solution of aurantia in acetone, amyl acetate and pyroxylin. R. Guillemont, Bull. Soc. frang. Phot. 1894, 41, 298, 533, gave an exhaustive spectrographic examination of various glasses. Cf. A. Nicolle, ibid. 396. 27. Lux, 1911; Bull. Beige, 1911; Brit. J. Phot. 1911, 58, 474, 494, 533, 628, 777, S72, 951: Jahrbuch, 1912, 26, 130; abst. C. A. 1912, 6, 806. The autho^has found it advisable to warm the glasses before coating, and the gelatin to 65° C. The tip of the finger is excellent for spreading the gelatin. 28. Phot. J. 1905, 45, 20. These formulas arc given every year in Brit. J. Almanac, as standards. 29. These dyes are made by the Schoelkopff Anilin Co., of Buffalo, a branch of the National Anilin & Chemical Co. But any of the spirit-soluble dyes of like character can be used. 30. "Die photographischen Lichtfilter," 1st edit. 1910; 2nd 1922. 31. Phot. J. 1900, 40, 194; Phot. Rund. 1900, 27, 143; Phot. Chron. 1901, 8, 182; Jahrbuch, 1901, 15, 559; Brit. J. Phot. 1901, 48, 428. Instead of dichromate, W. S. Davenport, Brit. J. Phot. 1901, 48, 504, 590; Jahrbuch, 1902, 16, 440, recommended mandarin orange. Also, Brit. J. Phot. 1911, 58, 659, he used flat bottles of 1 in. internal thickness with 0.2 per cent new coccin red. B. N. Wordsley, Phot. 1901, 684; Jahrbuch, 1902, 16, 440, suggested 0.0125 eosin plus 0.3 per cent metanil yellow, or for a darker screen 0.04 eosin and 0.25 metanil yellow. H. Parzer-Mtihlbacker, Phot. Mitt. 1903, 40, 234, recommended dichromate solution for ordinary work. Cf. A. Popowitsky, Brit. J. Phot. 1899, 46, 661. 32. Zeits. wiss. Phot. 1905, 3, 234; Jahrbuch, 1906, 20, 330; Brit. J. Phot. 1905, 52, 733; Brit. J. Almanac, 1907, 693. In Le Procede, 1907; Brit. J. Phot. 1907, 54, 72, Stenger's lamp was highly recommended, and the following suggested: tartrazin 0.5 g., violet dahlia BO 0.2 g., water 1000 ccs. This absorbs up to 6500. For extra rapid and panchro plates double the above quantities of dyes should be used, then up to 6900 is absorbed, and with a