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• Pictured here are three types of multiple exposure effects that require winding back film in camera: the lapdissolve, double exposure, and (below) the wipe-off. Accuracy in winding back film to exact starting point is essential.
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OR many amateurs, the words "Multiple Exposure" conjur up a complexity of difficult camera manipulations, and thus discourages them from enjoying the creative fruits as well as the labor of this phase of cinematic legerdemain. There is really nothing involved in the execution of a multiple exposure that is beyond the ability of any intelligent amateur, although it does require a reasonable amount of patience and exercising a few precautions.
The scope of multiple exposure includes anything from a simple lap-dissolve to a highly involved montage; but they all are executed on one basic method of procedure, i. e: exposure,
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windback, exposure. For a simple lapdissolve, extreme accuracy is not so essential, although very desirable; but for a double-exposed sequence of any length — which may include several lap dissolves, wipes or synchronized actions — it is necessary that we know quite accurately the film speed in frames per second, as will be pointed out later. The easiest method for determining film speed of an 8mm. camera, for example, is as follows:
Obtain a length of unexposed double8mm. film or film leader 3 feet in length. Measure in 6 inches from each end which leaves a center area 2 feet in length. A 2-foot length of film will provide a test run of 10 seconds if the camera is running accurately at 16 f.p.s. The 6-inch margins at either end provide space for marking.
Thread test strip into the camera in
• Diagrams illustrate simple film measuring stick for dark room (Fig. I) and chart system for plotting a sequence of transitions (Fig. 2).
usual manner, with the first 6 inches extending beyond the film gate. Place a pencil mark on the film either above or below the film gate. Start camera and allow it to run the film through for exactly 10 seconds, stop camera, and make pencil mark as before — either above or below film gate. By counting the number of frames (80 to the foot), it is easy to determine whether camera is running fast or slow. An approximate check can be made with a ruler or tape measure instead of by counting the frames.
Where camera is equipped with variable speed control and the test reveals camera is running fast or slow, adjusting the control will correct the fault, and the final test can be made as before — with the 3 -foot strip of film. Where camera is a single speed job, all calculations involved in executing multiple exposures must be determined on camera's actual speed. Thus if the camera is running at 14 f.p.s. instead of the normal
• Continued on Page 89
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