Home Movies (1947)

792 HOME MOVIES FOR DECEMBER IT'S MUCH EASIER... WITH A CINE-TEL TELEPHOTO LENS You can't always choose your locatior for those movie shots you want. That's where a Cine-Tel* Telephoto lens on your camera helps you. With these lenses you don't have to be up close. They bring your subjects right to your film — give you "field glass vision." Ski jumps, figure skaters, football action and the hundreds of fall and winter shots you would like to have can be made in comfort from a distant position And you can get CineTel* Telephoto lenses — not ottachments— at prices starting at $24.05 including tax. Here are top quality lenses made by skilled workmen in the photographic and optical center of the world. Get new perspective in your movies with Cine-Tel* Telephotos. See the Elgeet line of Elgeet Cine-Tels* at your dealers or write for descriptive literature. There are models for all makes of movie cameras. *Trade-Mark rA^^A MANUFACTURING CO., Inc ^tSCmi ' 65 Atlantic Avenue / Rochester 11, New York usually carr)' the name "semi-ortho," or they may have the word "chrome" as part of the trade-name. These films usually rate an emulsion speed of around Weston 8 daylight, and can be assumed to have the general characteristics of straight positive film, indeed should be handled as such. The following are the comparative formulas for the first developer for both panchromatic and positive emulsions: Formula for Formula for Pan. Film Pos. Film Water to make 32 ounces 32 ounces Metol I J grains 50 grains Sodium Sulphite 54 ounce ounce Hydroquinone 90 grains 50 grains Potassium Bromide 60 grains 60 grains Sodium Hydroxide 136 grains jo grains Potassium Sulphocynate.-3 8 grains 38 grains The reason a different formula is required for each type of film is that positive film does not have an anti-halation backing, as does pan film, and unless the specific formula for positive film is used for positive, halation will appear around any and all white areas in ihe processed film. The positive formula has therefore been modified to overcome this result and to render a more pleasing over-all image. Panchromatic reversal film should be developed from 8 to 10 minutes. However, it is advisable to first make short tests to determine the best time for the development of your particular film. Positive film, unlike pan film, can be processed with a red safelight for workroom illumination. Knowing uhcn the film is fully developed is one of the first things the beginner has to learn. When developing by inspection, the lightest part of the picture area such as sky, faces of persons in closeups, etc. should develop until the black shows through the back of the film. When viewed through the emulsion side, the film will appear to be hopelessly over-developed. If the picture area appears to be a normal negative of your original scene, when film is viewed from the back, you can be sure you have a good projection positive. The first development controls density of the finished film. After the initial development, the film should be washed for five minutes. Then the film should be bleached for ten minutes in the following formula: Water to make 32 ounces Potassium Bichromate 75 grains Sulphuric Acid CP. i Yz drams The bleaching action can be observed taking place and when it is completed the result can be checked by looking through the film. Any white areas in the original film should now apf>ear transparent. The film is then washed again for five minutes, an operation that aids in removing some of the bleach stain, so that the following clearing bath does not have to be too strong: Water to make 32 ounces Sodium Sulphite 2 ounces Treat the film in this bath for ten minutes or until all of the bleach stain is removed. After the clearing bath, the film should appear a clean white. Now follows the flashing operation. If the film is being developed on an open reel, the darkroom lights may be turned on at this point and left on for remainder of the processing procedure. Flashing can be accomplished by fixing an ordinary 100 watt bulb above the processing reel so that its light will fall evenly upon the film as it proceeds through the remainder of the processing operation. Where a tank and rack method of processing is used, you must arrange for the film to receive suflBcient light to completely re-expose it. A No. 1 photflood lamp in reflector set up at a distance of five feet from the film for an interval of two minutes should be sufficient to accomplish the re-exposure. After flashing, wash film for ten minutes in clear, running water. The film will then be ready for the second development. Any good, non-staining MQ formula can be used for this step; also D-72 diluted 2 to 1 gives good results. Film should be developed until it is completely blackened. This will require about five minutes. Follow the second development with a five minute wash, and the film will then be ready for the acid-hardener fixing-bath. Subject film to this bath for five minutes, then give it a final wash for 20 minutes in running water. Drying the film is the final step. Here another reel is required upon which to wind the film for dr^'ing, and in this operation the film should run through a clean wet viscose sponge to remove excess water from both film surfaces. After the film is completely wound on the reel, the sponge or a good chamois should again be used to dn,' both surfaces of the film. Drops of water, if left to dry on the film, will leave almost-impossible-to-remove stains. Another thing to remember is that the film will shrink slightly as it dries and therefore some allowance must be made for this, either in construction of the drying reel, or by winding the film fairly loose on the reel. Temperature is an all-important factor in processing reversal film. All solution and wash water should be kept at exactly 65 degrees F — no higher. High temperatures are the cause of most grief in film processing. It is well to repeat again that development controls density of the finished film. If the processed film appears too light or too "thin," developing time should be shortened on subsequent films when subjected to the first developer. Where density is too dark, first development time should be increased. Whatever you do, never skip any of the washes prescribed in the reversal procedure