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fleeted light, many photographers make the mistake of directing the meter at the subject wrongly, so that it gives an inaccurate answer. The reading should be taken of the most important object or part of the scene. For close-ups, the reading should be taken within one foot of the subject's face. For medium shots, the meter should be held four or five feet away from the subject. For long shots, the reading should be taken a short distance in front of the camera position. It is often advisable to check your meter close to a person's face, then step back and check it again at the distant position; if it shows a great variation, then compromise. Keep your meter pointed slightly downward, not allowing any direct back-light to strike it, which would give an erroneous reading.
For years professional cameramen have been using gray cards to determine their exposure, where no other means are practical. If you are perched on top of a building to shoot a parade, for instance, the gray card comes in handy. As long as the parade and the card are in the same light condition, the reading will be accurate. In photographing flowers the card is again a real help, giving you a good solid surface from which to take your reading. Many cameramen use their hand in place of the gray card. But be sure to use the outside area of the hand — not the palm, which is too light.
Most cameramen have had the experience of getting distant views of mountains or other landscapes slightly over-exposed. The reason for this is
EXPOSURES FOR 16mm CAMERAS
Camera Mitchell 16
Maurer
Bell & Howells: Specialist 70-DA 70-DE 70-H 70-DL 70-S
Arriflex 16
Cine Special
Bolex
Shutter Opening
Variable 235° max.
240° fixed
204° 180°
Variable 165° max.
190°
Exposure at 24 Frames
1/48 sec. at 170° 1/32 sec .at 235°
1/35 sec.
1/27 sec. 1/34 sec.
1/48 sec. 1 /45 sec.
that the dispersed light caused by aerial haze will appear lighter on the screen than it would to the human eye. Hence, a slight under-exposure will improve the shot. Color film has very little exposure latitude. The maximum tolerance for perfect color is one-half a normal F-stop on either side of the correct exposure. This small variation in exposure latitude necessitates the use of an accurate exposure meter in determining the correct ex
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